Criminal Defense

Death penalty: Always unjust Virginia executed John Allen Muhammad before he was to have completed his first round of federal habeas corpus appeals. Concurring Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens — joined by Justices Ginsburg and Sotomayor — underlined the importance of completing the first round...

Photo from website of U.S. District Court (W.D. Mi.). On the one hand, I believe strongly in providing an aggressive defense to everyone suspected of a crime. On the other hand, rogue cops who commit crimes shielded by their badges certainly would present a challenge to...

Bill of Rights. (From the public domain.) When may a court order a criminal defendant drugged to be competent to stand trial? In the Fourth Circuit, the prosecution must justify such an order by clear and convincing evidence. U.S. v. Barbara Michelle Bush, ___ F.3d ___...

Bill of Rights. (From the public domain.)  Do you have a burning desire to talk to the police, even though doing so with real cops might get you arrested and prosecuted? If so, go watch Cops and talk to the television screen instead. For a decade,...

Photo from website of U.S. District Court (W.D. Mi.). Maryland follows the Frye/Reed test for admitting expert testimony into evidence: “[B]efore a scientific opinion will be received as evidence at trial, the basis of that opinion must be shown to be generally accepted as reliable...

What is the meaning of the Sixth Amendment right to effective assistance of counsel — and the Fifth and Fourtheenth Amendment right to due process — if prosecutors communicate directly with unrepresented criminal defendants soon after their arrests, to start the clock on short court...

In Virginia, the jury decides guilt-innocence, and recommends a sentence in the event of a conviction. Jerome Rawls was sentenced to 25 years in prison on the jury’s recommendation, for second degree murder. At the time of sentencing, Rawls’s lawyer, the prosecutor, and the trial judge...

Years ago, I heard a story that a lawyer — possibly Clarence Darrow — distracted a jury from the opponent’s argument, impressed that Darrow could create a very long ash with his cigarette or cigar, in the days that smoking was allowed in courtrooms. Recently,...

The Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution provides, in part, that no person “shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself.” However, over thirty-five years ago, the Supreme Court ruled that witnesses can be compelled to give immunized testimony even...

A survey would likely find infinitely more arrests for finger flipping than finger pulling. However, the First Amendment protects finger flipping, as confirmed earlier this year by the Western District of Pennsylvania: By 2006, numerous federal courts, including a United States District Court in Pennsylvania,...