protective orders

Protective orders (PO's) in Virginia are not effective on a respondent / defendat before the respondent is served a copy of the order or otherwise sufficiently put on notice of the order. Claramunt v. Commonwealth of Virginia, ___ Va. App. ___ (2025). Moreover, the Virginia Court...

Fairfax Circuit Court (FCC) judges sometimes decide to issue and publish written opinions to explain their rulings. As a Fairfax criminal lawyer, I know that not all other Virginia circuit courts make their judges' opinion letters available online, which often are nonetheless available on such...

Virginia criminalized speech laws are several. As a Fairfax criminal lawyer, I know that the appellate courts afford less -- if any, in some instances -- First Amendment free expression protection to such criminalized speech and expression as as obscenity, child pornography, death threats and...